WT 4.6

Searching frames

A physical entity, construed as a point-Sound_source, emits a Sound. This includes animals and people making noise with their vocal tracts. Sometimes the sound itself is referred to with a nominal expression, in which case it is called the Sound. Manner expressions may also be relevant in this frame, if they describe properties of the sound as such. A path-schema can be overlaid on the simple noise-making scene, adding a Location_of_protagonist and/or a Path.

This frame does not cover scenarios where objects create sound by coming into forceful contact with one another or rubbing against each other. Such scenarios are covered by the Impact and Friction frames. The current frame also does not cover cases where an animate Agent or a natural Force or Cause causes a single Source or several Sources (moving or rubbing against each other) to make noise. Such scenarios are covered by the Cause_to_make_noise, Cause_impact, and Cause_friction frames (the last of which is not yet in FrameNet). Cases where the major emphasis of the portrayed scene is on the motion of a Theme, with sound emission only an accompaniment, are covered by the Motion_noise frame. Likewise, cases where the Sound itself is portrayed as moving through space are not covered in this frame but rather in Sound_movement. Finally, all nouns used to evoke Sounds have been placed in the Sounds frame. We have done this because these nouns do not denote sound emission/production events but only the Sound itself (The siren's blare occurred right on time).

ID: #69
Entry: frm_make_noise
Namespace: Eventive.Agentive
FrameNet version: Make_noise (fn_1.7_2023)
Domains: —
Types: —
Ontological type: —
English name: Make_noise

Core Frame Elements
Frame element	Definition	Semantic type	Constraint
Noisy_event	An event in which one or more Sound_sources participate and which is accompanied by Sound. The conversations droned on	—	—
Sound	The frame element Sound is incorporated in the meaning of the verbs of this frame. Otherwise, this FE is assigned to NPs which actually refer to a sound in the presence of the target. This typically occurs when the target is a verb used as a modifier in its -ing form, e.g.: The branches made a rattling sound. In this example, the frame element Sound is actually expressed by the word sound. Sometimes, Sound just occurs as an NP argument of a tensed verb form. Heavy music thundered from leather-curtained basements	—	—
Sound_source	The frame element Sound_source is assigned to a constituent referring to a physical entity which emits a sound. Such an entity must have an appropriately complex internal structure such that it can create a sound. For example, a machine or some other thing with moving parts can create sound by itself. The wind howled.	—	—

CoreSet

Noisy_event Sound_source

Peripheral Frame Elements
Frame element	Definition	Semantic type	Constraint
Degree	Degree to which event occurs	degree	—
Manner	Manner expressions may be of lexicographic interest if they describe properties of a sounds as such: loudly, shrilly, etc. Jocelyn sobbed loudly.	manner	—
Place	The location of the Sound_source. This FE differs from Location_of_source only in terms of point of view; the latter FE implies a point of view that is not on the Sound_source. A bat squeaked over our heads.	locative_relation	—
Time	The time when the Noisy_event occurs. It's going to beep again in two minutes.	time	—

Extra-thematic Frame Elements
Frame element	Definition	Semantic type	Constraint
Addressee	Addressee identifies the intended audience of an event of making a noise as a communicative signal. Our new puppy has taken to growling at other dogs	sentient	—
Circumstances	A state or location of the Sound_source which contributes to the Sound_source's making noise. Leaves crunched underfoot\|cir	—	—
Depictive	State of the Sound_source during the action. Cicadas screech unseen from within	—	—
Explanation	The Explanation for the Sound_source producing the sound. Generally, this is some external stimulus that prompts the Sound_source to make noise. The planks above him creaked as Simon hoisted himself inside\|exp	state_of_affairs	—
Internal_cause	The noise-making may be prompted by either some outside phenomenon or occurrence, or by an Internal_cause, the mental or emotional state of an animate Sound_source. Internal_cause is expressed in a PP Complement: Kim hmmmed and haaed in concentration. Kim wailed in despair.	—	—
Iterations	The number of times the noise-making event takes place. The raven cawed twice\|ite and flew on a short distance, then sat down again in front of her and cawed again twice.	—	—
Location_of_protagonist	The location of the Sound_source by which the Sound is emitted. A radio blasted music from the balcony.	—	—
Particular_iteration	This FE indicates that the noise-making event is embedded within a series of similar events.	—	—
Path	The Path along which the Sound travels away from the Sound_source. The radio blared across the room	—	—
Subregion	The Subregion is the sulocation of the Sound_source from which the sound is emitting. Manville whistled through his teeth\|Sub	locative_relation	—

Causative

Causative relations
Has as causative Cause_to_make_noise FE-FE

See_also

See_also relations
See_also Cause_impact FE-FE
See_also Cause_to_make_noise FE-FE
See_also Friction FE-FE
See_also Impact FE-FE
See_also Motion_noise FE-FE
See_also Sounds FE-FE
See_also Sound_movement FE-FE

Using

Using relations
Is used by Communication_noise FE-FE
Uses Perception FE-FE

Lexical units of this frame
LU	Type	Definition
babble.v	—	COD: (of a stream) make a continuous murmur as the water flows over stones.
bark.v	—	COD: (of a dog, fox, or seal) give a bark
beep.v	—	FN: make a high-pitched electronic noise
bellow.v	—	COD: emit a loud, deep roar, typically in pain or anger.
blare.v	—	COD: sound loudly and harshly.
blast.v	—	COD: produce loud continuous music or noise.
bleat.v	—	COD: (of a sheep or goat) make a characteristic weak, wavering cry.
boom.v	—	FN: make a loud, deep sound.
bray.v	—	FN: to utter the loud harsh cry characteristic of a donkey
burble.v	—	COD: make a continuous murmuring noise.
cackle.v	—	COD: (of a hen or goose) give a raucous clucking cry.
caterwaul.v	—	COD: make a shrill howling or wailing noise.
caw.v	—	FN: (for a rook or crow) to utter their characteristic harsh cry
chatter.v	—	FN: (of a person's teeth) click repeatedly together from cold or fear
cheep.v	—	FN: make a shrill squeaky sound like that of a young bird
chirp.v	—	COD: (of a small bird or a grasshopper) utter a short, sharp, high-pitched sound.
chuckle.v	—	COD: laugh quietly or inwardly.
clack.v	—	COD: make or cause to make a sharp sound as of a hard object striking another.
clang.v	—	FN: to emit a loud ringing sound
clash.v	—	FN: to produce a loud discordant sound when striking against something
clatter.v	—	FN: make a loud rattling sound
click.v	—	FN: to emit a short, sharp sound
coo.v	—	COD: (of a pigeon or dove) make a soft murmuring sound.
cough.v	—	COD: expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound.
creak.v	—	COD: make a harsh high-pitched sound when being moved or when pressure is applied.
crepitate.v	—	COD: make a crackling sound.
croak.v	—	COD: (of a frog or crow) utter a croak.
croon.v	—	FN: to hum or sing in a soft, low voice
crunch.v	—	FN: make a crushing, grinding sound
cry.v	—	FN: utter a sound characteristic of emotions such as sadness, rage, etc.
drone.v	—	COD: make a continuous low humming sound.
fizzle.v	—	COD: make a feeble hissing or spluttering sound.
gasp.v	—	FN: catch one's breath with an open mouth, owing to pain or astonishment
giggle.v	—	COD: laugh lightly in a nervous, affected, or silly manner.
gobble.v	—	COD: eat hurriedly and noisily.
growl.v	—	COD: make a low or harsh rumbling sound
grunt.v	—	COD: (of an animal, especially a pig) make a low, short guttural sound.
guffaw.v	—	FN: laugh loudly and boisterously
gurgle.v	—	COD: make a hollow bubbling sound
hawk.v	—	FN: to utter a harsh, gutteral sound as if trying to clear (plegm from) one's throat
hem and haw.v	—	FN: to make noises indicating indecision
hiss.v	—	COD: make a sharp sibilant sound as of the letter
honk.v	—	FN: to emit a loud sound, as that of a goose or a car horn
hoot.v	—	FN: (of owls) to make their natural throat noise
howl.v	—	COD: make a howling sound.
hum.v	—	COD: make a low, steady continuous sound like that of a bee or sing with closed lips.
keen.v	—	COD: wail in grief for a dead person or make an eerie wailing sound.
laugh.v	—	COD: make the sounds and movements that express lively amusement and sometimes also derision.
mew.v	—	FN: (of a cat) make a characteristic high-pitched crying noise.
mewl.v	—	COD: cry feebly or querulously.
moan.v	—	COD: utter or make a moan.
moo.v	—	COD: make the characteristic deep resonant vocal sound of cattle.
neigh.v	—	COD: (of a horse) utter a neigh.
patter.v	—	COD: make a repeated light tapping sound.
peal.v	—	COD: ring loudly or in a peal.
peep.v	—	FN: to emit a short, high-pitched squeaking sound
plash.v	—	FN: to make a splashing sound
play.v	—	FN: to produce sounds, as that of a musical instrument
plonk.v	—	FN: produce a quick, hollow, metallic or harsh sound due to being dropped or set down suddenly
plop.v	—	FN: to make a short, dull sound, as of an object falling into water without making a splash
purr.v	—	COD: (of a cat) make a low continuous vibratory sound expressing contentment.
quack.v	—	FN: to utter the characteristic sound of the duck
rasp.v	—	COD: make a harsh, grating noise.
rattle.v	—	FN: make a rapid succession of short, sharp knocking or clinking sounds
ring.v	—	FN: make a clear noise, as from a bell.
roar.v	—	COD: make or utter a full, deep, prolonged sound as made by a lion, natural force, or engine
rustle.v	—	COD: make a soft, muffled crackling sound like that caused by the movement of dry leaves or paper.
scrape.v	—	FN: make a sound as if rubbing against a rough surface.
scream.v	—	COD: make a long, loud, piercing cry or sound, especially expressing extreme emotion or pain.
screech.v	—	FN: make a high-pitched, shrill sound
scrunch.v	—	FN: to emit a loud, crunching sound
sizzle.v	—	FN: make a hissing sound as when food is frying or roasting
snarl.v	—	COD: growl with bared teeth
snicker.v	—	COD: snigger
snigger.v	—	COD: give such a laugh.
snore.v	—	COD: make such a sound while asleep.
snort.v	—	FN: make a noise by inhaling forcefully through a constricted nasal passage.
sob.v	—	COD: cry making loud, convulsive gasps.
sough.v	—	COD: (of the wind, sea, etc.) make a moaning, whistling, or rushing sound.
sound.v	—	FN: to make an object emit phonons of compression and rarefaction.
sploosh.v	—	FN: make a deep sound, as of a large object falling forcefully into water.
squawk.v	—	COD: (of a bird) make a loud, harsh noise.
squeak.v	—	COD: make a short, high-pitched sound or cry
squeal.v	—	COD: to make or utter a long, high-pitched cry or noise
thump.v	—	FN: (of a person's heart or pulse) beat or pulsate strongly
thunder.v	—	FN: make a resounding loud deep noise
tinkle.v	—	FN: to produce a light, clear ringing sound.
titter.v	—	COD: to give a short, half-suppressed laugh
toll.v	—	COD: (with reference to a bell) sound or cause to sound with a slow, uniform succession of strokes.
toot.v	—	FN: to emit a short, sharp sound
trumpet.v	—	FN: make a loud, trumpetlike sound (eg, by blowing one's nose or by elephants making their cries)
tweet.v	—	COD: make a chirping noise.
twitter.v	—	COD: (of a bird) make a series of light tremulous sounds.
ululate.v	—	COD: howl or wail, typically to express grief.
wail.v	—	FN: to utter an extended high-pitched cry
whimper.v	—	FN: to cry or sob softly and intermittently
whine.v	—	COD: give or make a whine.
whinny.v	—	FN: for a horse to make a gentle, high-pitched neighing sound
whisper.v	—	COD: rustle or murmur softly.
whistle.v	—	FN: emit or produce a whistle
yammer.v	—	COD: talk loudly and incessantly.
yap.v	—	COD: give a sharp, shrill bark
yelp.v	—	COD: utter a yelp or yelps.
yodel.v	—	COD: practise a form of singing or calling marked by rapid alternation between the normal voice and falsetto.
yowl.v	—	COD: to make a loud wailing cry of pain or distress

Frame Chain

TQR

Visual Units

None.

No visual units

This frame has no visual-unit images.

Frame Report

Make_noise [agentive]

Properties

Core Frame Elements (3)

FE Core Set(s) and Excludes

Peripheral Frame Elements (4)

Extra-thematic Frame Elements (10)

Frame-Frame Relations (10)

Causative

See_also

Using

Lexical Units (105)