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Locative_relation [localization]
A Figure is located relative to a Ground location.
The cat|Fig is on the mat|Grnd.
The kitchen, with its breakfast / snack bar, adjoins on one side while the dining area adjoins on the other side. DNI
The president's plane landed|Fig in Washington.
This frame is used for LUs that do not belong in daughter frames, either because they are too general to have any particular image schema associated with them (e.g., here.adv), or because we do not (yet) have a specific frame with the correct image schema (e.g., inland.a).
Prepositions, adverbs, and spatial adjectives that act as targets in this frame and its descendants cooccur with a number of constructions that may supply extra information and should be annotated as extrathematic frame elements. The location of the Figure may be further specified by its Distance from the Ground along a vector implied by the targets image schema, or the Direction in which the Figure lies from a reference location (generally, the deictic center). In cases where both seem to cooccur, the Distance actually modifies the Direction, as seen in the following example:
This pup was lying abandoned, 350 feet down at the bottom of an Arizona canyon.
There is no sense in which the Distance is measured using the schema for at.prep ('350 feet at the bottom of the canyon' doesn't mean the right thing at all); rather the distance is measured using the schema for down.adv, and is thus considered a modifier of the Direction FE.
In some very specific situations, prepositions, adjectives, and nouns can be used with a copula to describe the whole Profiled_region where a Figure is or could be, as in the following:
[Inside|target] my wallet is where I put it .
[Outside|target] your blind date's door seems like the worst place in the world .
The cat|Fig is on the mat|Grnd.
The kitchen, with its breakfast / snack bar, adjoins on one side while the dining area adjoins on the other side. DNI
The president's plane landed|Fig in Washington.
This frame is used for LUs that do not belong in daughter frames, either because they are too general to have any particular image schema associated with them (e.g., here.adv), or because we do not (yet) have a specific frame with the correct image schema (e.g., inland.a).
Prepositions, adverbs, and spatial adjectives that act as targets in this frame and its descendants cooccur with a number of constructions that may supply extra information and should be annotated as extrathematic frame elements. The location of the Figure may be further specified by its Distance from the Ground along a vector implied by the targets image schema, or the Direction in which the Figure lies from a reference location (generally, the deictic center). In cases where both seem to cooccur, the Distance actually modifies the Direction, as seen in the following example:
This pup was lying abandoned, 350 feet down at the bottom of an Arizona canyon.
There is no sense in which the Distance is measured using the schema for at.prep ('350 feet at the bottom of the canyon' doesn't mean the right thing at all); rather the distance is measured using the schema for down.adv, and is thus considered a modifier of the Direction FE.
In some very specific situations, prepositions, adjectives, and nouns can be used with a copula to describe the whole Profiled_region where a Figure is or could be, as in the following:
[Inside|target] my wallet is where I put it .
[Outside|target] your blind date's door seems like the worst place in the world .
Properties
- ID
- #199
- Entry
- frm_locative_relation
- Namespace
- Relation.Localization
- FrameNet version
- Locative_relation (fn_1.7_2023)
- Domains
- —
- Types
- —
- Ontological type
- —
- English name
- Locative_relation
Core Frame Elements (3)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Figure |
The Figure is perceived as located relative to a certain Ground location. The figure can be an entity or an event.
The cat|Fig is on the mat. |
— | — |
| Ground |
The Ground serves as a basis for describing the location of the Figure.
The cat is on the mat|Grnd. |
— | — |
| Profiled_region |
The region within which a Figure might be found. This FE is exclusive of Figure, and is a reconstrual that is not possible with verb lexical units.
[Next to the kitchen|Profiled_region] is the best place to locate your garage . |
— | — |
Core Unexpressed Frame Elements (1)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Figures |
The Figures are items which mutually serve to identify the location of the other items.
|
— | — |
FE Core Set(s) and Excludes
Excludes
Figure
Figures
Ground
Profiled_region
Peripheral Frame Elements (1)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time |
The period of time during which the locative relation between Figure and Ground obtains.
He was in Athens on Friday|tim. |
category
time
|
— |
Extra-thematic Frame Elements (7)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accessibility |
An indication of how accessible the Figure is to some participant in the speech context (either the speaker or the addressee, or some other highly salient viewpoint in a narrative). This FE normally describes availability for manipulation and use, but may simply describe how easily seen or difficult to see the Figure is. There is a closed class of items that can fill this slot, including only 'just' and 'right' indicating ease of access, and 'way', 'all the way', or (dialectally) 'clear' indicating distance and difficulty of access.
Oh yeah , the flashlight 's right in my handbag. I had an uncle that lived clear over in Kenmore , and I tried to ride my bike there. While ease of access correlates with proximal deixis (e.g. 'right here') and difficulty correlates with distal deixis (e.g. 'all the way over there'), these notions are separable as shown in the following examples: I have two officers right over in the next room. You ca n't come way out here to my mom 's! |
— | — |
| Deixis |
An indication of how the locative phrase relates to the grounding of the speech situation, either locating it near (here) or far (there, yonder), or specifically separated from the speech context by distance or a barrier (over). Fillers of this FE are restricted to this closed class of items.
She has a boyfriend way over in Springfield. It is lying here on my desk. |
— | — |
| Direction |
This FE identifies the Direction from a reference location (generally, the deictic center) of a path to the Figure. This FE is filled by one of a closed class of adverbs: up, down, out (meaning 'beyond the boundary around the viewpoint'), off (meaning 'disconnect between landmark and figure'), back (meaning 'along a line from front to back of landmark, and relatively inaccessible'), and, more rarely, away, along, and dialectally, back down (meaning 'down and behind').
The cat is down|Dir on the mat. |
— | — |
| Directness |
An indication of how closely the position of Figure matches the prototype expected from the image schema associated with the target. This FE is normally filled by closed-class, dedicated adverbs like right, straight, directly, and due (and some combinations of these), but also occurs with rarer items like 'smack dab'.
She put her wallet straight into the drawer. I ran right straight at the pole. Some general adverbs that indicate exact and non-exact match to an idea can also express this FE: We set our tents up approximately northeast of here. |
— | — |
| Distance |
This FE identifies the Distance between the Figure and the Ground. This FE requires an image schema with a vector that extends from the Ground, or a subpart of the Ground, in some direction, and the Distance is measured along this vector from the Ground to the profiled region. The climbers are now 2000 feet above the base camp. Deep|Dist under the earth lurk dark things. In cases where the target does not introduce such an image schema, Distance should be annotated as part of the Direction FE that introduces such a vector. She found a phone 200 feet up on the radio tower. Note that a number of frequent adverbial targets, e.g. up.adv and down.adv, identify the Ground, with the location of an implicit viewer, so Distance is effectively measured from the viewpoint location in these cases. We were already nearly 1000 meters down.
|
— | — |
| Region_quantification |
A description of how much of a potential profiled region actually has (or is expected to have) a Figure in it. It is normally filled by closed-class items like 'all', 'somewhere', 'nowhere', etc.
I think it 's somewhere under the truck . All along the watchtowers, princes kept the view pristine . |
— | — |
| Temporal_profile |
A description of how the access path to the Ground interacts with time. This FE is filled only by the closed class of adverbials back.adv (which indicates that the position was occupied by the Figure before) and on.adv (which indicates a continued path). While this FE in its most basic use refers to cases of actual motion, it can be used with descriptions of static position, in which case it either refers to fictive, imagined motion (as in the first example below), or it backgrounds motion entirely (as in the second example).
You 'll find it straight on around behind the door. I do n't know why my kids are back out of the crib. |
— | — |
Frame-Frame Relations (21)
Inheritance
Perspective
Using
Lexical Units (40)
| LU | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| above-ground.a | — | FN: above the surface of the ground. |
| all over.prep | — | FN: over the whole area |
| along.prep | — | COD: extending in a more or less horizontal line on. |
| around.prep | — | COD: on every side of. |
| astride.prep | — | COD: with a leg on each side of |
| at.prep | — | COD: expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position. |
| athwart.prep | — | COD: from side to side of; across. |
| beyond.prep | — | COD: at or to the further side of. |
| border.v | — | COD: (of a country or area) be adjacent to (another) |
| bracket.v | — | FN: surround on either side |
| distant.a | — | FN: far away |
| down.prep | — | COD: towards or in a lower place or position. |
| elsewhere.adv | — | COD: in, at, or to some other place or other places. |
| everywhere.adv | — | COD: in or to all places. |
| here.adv | — | COD: in, at, or to this place or position. |
| inland.a | — | FN: to be located a certain distance from the edge or shore of a geographic area. |
| mainland.n | — | FN: the main geographical part of a country, exclusive of islands. |
| meet.v | — | FN: be physically touching with (something) |
| near.prep | — | COD: also near to |
| north.prep | — | COD: to or towards the north. |
| northeast.prep | — | FN: being located north and east of a point |
| northwest.prep | — | FN: being located north and west of a point |
| offshore.a | — | FN: to be located off of the shore of some land mass. |
| out.prep | — | COD: away from one's usual base or residence. |
| outlying.a | — | COD: remote. |
| over.prep | — | COD: at a higher level or layer than. |
| past.prep | — | FN: after |
| south.prep | — | COD: to or towards the south. |
| southeast.prep | — | FN: being located south and east of a point |
| southwest.prep | — | FN: being located south and west of a point |
| surrounding.a | — | FN: being around (an area) |
| there.adv | — | FN: referring to a place that is not here |
| throughout.prep | — | FN: in all parts of, over the entire range of, sometimes implying "uniformly" |
| to.prep | — | FN: in the direction of |
| ubiquitous.a | — | FN: all over, everywhere. |
| underground.a | — | COD: beneath the surface of the ground. |
| underground.adv | — | FN: toward a place beneath the surface of the ground. |
| up.prep | — | COD: from a lower to a higher point of. |
| west.prep | — | COD: to or towards the west. |
| where.adv | — | COD: at, in, or to which. |
None.
None.
No visual units
This frame has no visual-unit images.