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Non-gradable_proximity [localization]
A Figure is characterized as near the Ground, according to some contextually given scale. Many lexical units of this frame additionally specify in which direction relative to the Ground one can find the Figure (under.prep, north.adv), or directions from the Ground from which the Figure is excluded (e.g. beside.prep excludes the vertical and front/back axes); for specifications of direction, see the semantic types attached to the lexcial units. Members of this frame that make reference to an absolute, earth-based grid (e.g. north, south, etc.) imply a geographic scale of proximity, and so are frequently not paraphrasable as "near".
She put her shoes under the table .
Michael Jackson was right next to me !
Down by his left foot was a little grenade .
The subset of LUs that inherently pick out a particular direction (e.g. north, behind) may occur with a specification of a Distance in that direction from a Ground at which the Figure may be found, while LUs that pick out two or more directions of relevance from a Ground (e.g. beside) can only characterize the general accessibility of the Figure relative to the Ground.
30 miles north
right beside my leg
This frame is intended to cover a limited set of productive metaphor cases in which allegiance is expressed as a Devotee standing to one side or behind an Allegiance_holder:
I stand beside what I said to him .
They will stand right next to me in the fight against homophobia .
This frame is not intended for metaphorical cases of quantity specification:
There was above 500 kg of cocaine in the shipment .
This frame does not cover the multitude of other metaphorical cases like "next to impossible", "under consideration", "under his rule", "beside himself", "beside the point".
She put her shoes under the table .
Michael Jackson was right next to me !
Down by his left foot was a little grenade .
The subset of LUs that inherently pick out a particular direction (e.g. north, behind) may occur with a specification of a Distance in that direction from a Ground at which the Figure may be found, while LUs that pick out two or more directions of relevance from a Ground (e.g. beside) can only characterize the general accessibility of the Figure relative to the Ground.
30 miles north
right beside my leg
This frame is intended to cover a limited set of productive metaphor cases in which allegiance is expressed as a Devotee standing to one side or behind an Allegiance_holder:
I stand beside what I said to him .
They will stand right next to me in the fight against homophobia .
This frame is not intended for metaphorical cases of quantity specification:
There was above 500 kg of cocaine in the shipment .
This frame does not cover the multitude of other metaphorical cases like "next to impossible", "under consideration", "under his rule", "beside himself", "beside the point".
Properties
- ID
- #2880
- Entry
- frm_non-gradable_proximity
- Namespace
- Relation.Localization
- FrameNet version
- Non-gradable_proximity (fn_1.7_2023)
- Domains
- —
- Types
- —
- Ontological type
- —
- English name
- Non-gradable_proximity
Core Frame Elements (2)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Figure |
The Figure is perceived as located relative to a certain Ground location. The figure can be an entity or an event.
The cat|Fig is next to the mat. |
— | — |
| Ground |
The Ground serves as a basis for describing the location of the Figure.
The cat is next to the mat|Grnd. |
— | — |
Peripheral Frame Elements (1)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time |
The period of time during which the locative relation between Figure and Ground obtains.
He was by the park on Friday|tim. |
category
time
|
— |
Extra-thematic Frame Elements (6)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accessibility |
An indication of how accessible the Figure is to some participant in the speech context (either the speaker or the addressee, or some other highly salient viewpoint in a narrative). This FE normally describes availability for manipulation and use, but may simply describe how easily seen or difficult to see the Figure is. There is a closed class of items that can fill this slot, including only 'just' and 'right' indicating ease of access, and 'way' and 'all the way' indicating distance and difficulty of access.
Oh yeah , the flashlight 's right by my handbag . |
— | — |
| Deixis |
An indication of how the locative phrase relates to the grounding of the speech situation, either locating it near (here) or far (there, yonder), or specifically separated from the speech context by distance or a barrier (over). Fillers of this FE are restricted to this closed class of items.
It is lying here beside the chair. |
— | — |
| Direction |
This FE identifies the Direction from a reference location (generally, the deictic center) of a path to the Figure. This FE is filled by one of a closed class of adverbs: up, down, out (meaning 'beyond the boundary around the viewpoint'), off (meaning 'disconnect between landmark and figure'), back (meaning 'along a line from front to back of landmark, and relatively inaccessible'), and, more rarely, away, along, and dialectally, back down (meaning 'down and behind').
The cat is hiding down|Dir under the porch. |
— | — |
| Directness |
An indication of how closely the position of Figure matches the prototype expected from the image schema associated with the target. This FE is normally filled by closed-class, dedicated adverbs like right, straight, directly, and due (and some combinations of these), but also occurs with rarer items like 'smack dab'.
I ran right along the edge . |
— | — |
| Distance |
This FE identifies the Distance between the Figure and the Ground. This FE requires an image schema with a vector that extends from the Ground, or a subpart of the Ground, in some direction, and the Distance is measured along this vector from the Ground to the profiled region. Go 30 feet to the left of the pool. Note that a number of frequent adverbial targets identify the Ground, with the location of an implicit viewer, so Distance is effectively measured from the viewpoint location in these cases. We were already nearly 1000 meters ahead.
|
— | — |
| Temporal_profile |
A description of how the access path to the Ground interacts with time. This FE is filled only by the closed class of adverbials back.adv (which indicates that the position was occupied by the Figure before) and on.adv (which indicates a continued path). While this FE in its most basic use refers to cases of actual motion, it can be used with descriptions of static position, in which case it either refers to fictive, imagined motion, or it backgrounds motion entirely (as in the example below).
They finally moved back east. |
— | — |
Frame-Frame Relations (3)
Inheritance
Perspective
Lexical Units (21)
| LU | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| ahead.adv | — | FN: in a position before or to the front of |
| along.prep | — | FN: on, over, or parallel to the length of (typically for a rather horizontal axis) |
| behind.prep | — | FN: on the opposite side of |
| beneath.prep | — | COD: extending or directly underneath. |
| beside.prep | — | FN: near and to the side of. |
| by.prep | — | FN: located not far from. |
| in back.prep | — | FN: in a position behind or toward the rear of |
| in front.prep | — | FN: in a position before or ahead of |
| left.n | — | FN: something that is on or at the left side of the landmark in question |
| left.n | — | FN: something that is on or at the left side of the trajector/figure |
| neighboring.a | — | FN: situated or living (being) near; adjacent |
| on.prep | — | FN: in immediate proximity to a side or surface of. |
| opposite.a | — | FN: located face-to-face with, across from, or at the other end of something |
| opposite.prep | — | COD: in a position opposite to. |
| over.prep | — | FN: in a place above (along the axis conventionally associated with gravity) of |
| port.n | — | FN: to the left-hand side; usage is strictly nautical |
| right.n | — | FN: something that is on or at the right side of the landmark in question |
| right.n | — | FN: something that is on or at the right side of the trajector/figure |
| starboard.n | — | FN: the right-hand side; usage is strictly nautical |
| under.prep | — | FN: saliently impinging on and located in the direction of gravity (or the direction relative to the landmark that is conventionally associated with gravity) from. |
| underneath.prep | — | FN: in a place below or beneath (in the direction conventionally associated with gravity) of. |
None.
None.
No visual units
This frame has no visual-unit images.