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Killing [agentive]

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A Killer or Cause causes the death of the Victim.
John drowned Martha.

Properties

ID
#590
Entry
frm_killing
Namespace
Eventive.Agentive
FrameNet version
Killing (fn_1.7_2023)
Domains
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Types
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Ontological type
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English name
Killing

Core Frame Elements (5)

Core Frame Elements
Frame element Definition Semantic type Constraint
Cause
An inanimate entity or process that causes the death of the Victim.

The rockslide killed nearly half of the climbers.
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Instrument
The device used by the Killer to bring about the death of the Victim.
It's difficult to suicide with only a pocketknife|Instr.
category
physical_entity
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Killer
The person or sentient entity that causes the death of the Victim.
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Means
The method or action that the Killer or Cause performs resulting in the death of the Victim.

The flood exterminated the rats by cutting off access to food.
category
state_of_affairs
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Victim
The living entity that dies as a result of the killing.
category
sentient
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FE Core Set(s) and Excludes

CoreSet
Instrument Killer Means
Excludes
Cause Instrument Killer Means

Peripheral Frame Elements (4)

Peripheral Frame Elements
Frame element Definition Semantic type Constraint
Degree
The Degree appears with adjectives to describe the killing potential of an object or with nouns to describe how widespread the killing is.
The Nazis engaged in mass genocide.
category
degree
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Manner
Any description of the event which is not covered by more specific FEs, including force (hard, softly), secondary effects (quietly, loudly), and general descriptions comparing events (the same way). It may indicate salient characteristics of a Killer that also affect the action (presumptuously, coldly, deliberately, eagerly, carefully).
Kill them quietly.
A true professional , he beheaded his victims with unhurried expertise|Man, a credit to his calling.
A gunman slaughtered six people in cold blood|Man because he had been evicted.

category
manner
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Place
The location where the death took place.

Apparently there were two murders in Atherton in one week.
category
locative_relation
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Time
The point or period of time within which the Victim is killed.

There is no evidence that the royal family was killed during the destruction at this site.
category
time
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Extra-thematic Frame Elements (9)

Extra-thematic Frame Elements
Frame element Definition Semantic type Constraint
Beneficiary
This extra-thematic FE applies to participants that derive a benefit from the occurrence of the event specified by the target predicate.
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Circumstances
Circumstances describe the state of the world (at a particular time and place) which is specifically independent of the event itself and any of its participants.
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Containing_event
This FE denotes an event that occurs or state of affairs that holds at a time that includes the time during which the event or state of affairs reported by the target occurs and of which it is taken to be a part.
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Depictive
The state of the Killer or Victim during the killing.
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Explanation
The preexisting state of affairs that the Killer is responding to.

She drowned him for lying.
category
state_of_affairs
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Frequency
This frame element is defined as the number of times an event occurs per some unit of time. A Frequency expression answers the question how often.
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Period_of_iterations
The length of time from when the event denoted by the target began to be repeated to when it stopped.
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Purpose
The state of affairs that the Killer is trying to bring about by killing.

It's simple: he killed her to get the inheritance|Purp.
category
state_of_affairs
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Result
The state of the Victim that results from being killed. (Normally this is somewhat redundant.)

Two men ... smothered her to death.
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Frame-Frame Relations (4)

Causative

Causative relations
Is causative of
Death
FE-FE

Inheritance

Inheritance relations
Inherits from
Transitive_action
FE-FE
Is Inherited By
Execution
FE-FE

Using

Using relations
Is used by
Surviving
FE-FE

Lexical Units (71)

Lexical units of this frame
LU Type Definition
annihilate.v โ€” FN: to kill, esp. a large proportion of a group
annihilation.n โ€” FN: killing, esp. of people
asphyxiate.v โ€” FN: to cause to die due to a lowered level of oxygen in the body
assassin.n โ€” COD: a person who assassinates
assassinate.v โ€” FN: to kill (a powerful person) for political motives
assassination.n โ€” FN: the fact of murdering (a political or religious leader)
behead.v โ€” FN: to kill by chopping off the head
beheading.n โ€” FN: the act of cutting off the head of somebody.
blood-bath.n โ€” COD: an event in which many people are killed violently.
bloodshed.n โ€” FN: slaughter; killing.
butcher.v โ€” COD: kill (someone) brutally.
butchery.n โ€” FN: brutal or wholesale killing or murder.
carnage.n โ€” COD: the killing of a large number of people.
crucifixion.n โ€” FN: the act of crucifying or being crucified.
crucify.v โ€” COD: put (someone) to death by nailing or binding them to a cross.
deadly.a โ€” COD: causing or able to cause death.
decapitate.v โ€” COD: cut off the head of
decapitation.n โ€” FN: the cutting off of somebody's head
destroy.v โ€” FN: euthanize or put down
dispatch.v โ€” COD: kill
do in.v โ€” FN: to kill someone
drown.v โ€” FN: to kill by forcing underwater until death occurs
eliminate.v โ€” FN: to murder (used as a euphemism)
euthanasia.n โ€” FN: the killing of a person performed with the intention of helping them avoid a more unpleasant or painful manner of death
euthanize.v โ€” COD: put (an animal) to death humanely.
exterminate.v โ€” FN: to kill in large numbers or completely. "We have to exterminate the termites in the garage."
extermination.n โ€” FN: the act of wiping out a group by killing all its members
fatal.a โ€” COD: causing death
fatality.n โ€” COD: an occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease
fratricide.n โ€” COD: the killing of one's brother or sister.
garrotte.v โ€” COD: kill by strangulation, especially with an iron collar or a length of wire or cord
genocide.n โ€” COD: the deliberate killing of a very large number of people from a particular ethnic group or nation.
holocaust.n โ€” COD: destruction or slaughter on a large scale.
homicide.n โ€” FN: the killing of a human being
immolation.n โ€” FN: the act of killing or offering as a sacrifice, especially by burning.
infanticide.n โ€” COD: the killing of an infant.
kill.v โ€” COD: cause the death of.
killer.n โ€” COD: a person or thing that kills.
killing.n โ€” COD: an act of causing death.
lethal.a โ€” COD: sufficient to cause death.
liquidate.v โ€” FN: to kill people in large numbers, esp. for ideological reasons (used as a euphemism)
liquidation.n โ€” FN: elimination; killing
liquidator.n โ€” FN: a person who gets rid of another person, especially by killing.
lynch.v โ€” COD: (of a group) kill (someone) for an alleged offence without a legal trial, especially by hanging.
massacre.n โ€” COD: an indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people
massacre.v โ€” COD: deliberately and violently kill (a large number of people)
matricide.n โ€” COD: the killing of one's mother
murder.n โ€” COD: unlawful and premeditated killing
murder.v โ€” FN: to unlawfully kill another living being
murderer.n โ€” FN: somebody who has committed murder
patricide.n โ€” COD: the killing of one's father
pogrom.n โ€” COD: an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, originally that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.
regicide.n โ€” COD: the killing of a king.
shooting.n โ€” FN: the act of killing somebody with a gun.
silence.v โ€” FN: (slang) to kill.
slaughter.n โ€” COD: the killing of a large number of people in a cruel or violent way.
slaughter.v โ€” COD: kill (animals) for food or kill (people) in a cruel or violent way.
slaughterer.n โ€” FN: somebody who kills in a violent manner and/or kills large numbers of people
slay.v โ€” FN: to kill violently. "They vowed to slay their enemies and recapture their land."
slayer.n โ€” COD: person that kills with violence, especially in battle.
slaying.n โ€” FN: the act of killing with violence, especially in battle.
smother.v โ€” FN: to kill by covering the mouth and nose so that the victim cannot breathe
smothering.n โ€” FN: suffocation by covering the mouth and nose
starve.v โ€” FN: to kill someone by depriving them of food
suffocate.v โ€” FN: to cause to die due to lack of oxygen
suffocation.n โ€” FN: the act of causing someone to suffocate
suicide.n โ€” FN: to kill oneself deliberately
suicide.v โ€” FN: to delibreately kill oneself
take life.x โ€” FN: to kill someone
take out.v โ€” FN: kill.
terminate.v โ€” FN: to murder (used as a euphemism)
Frame Chain TQR Visual Units

None.

None.

No visual units

This frame has no visual-unit images.