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Hindering [agentive]
In this frame a Hindrance makes it more difficult for a Protagonist to complete their intended Action or a Hindrance directly affects an Action where the Action can be a natural act or the actions of many individuals in a collective endeavor. Crucially, these lexical units do not entail that the Protagonist was unable to complete the Action or that the Action did not occur. The Hindrance may indicate a lack of enablement or an obstacle on the natural progression of the Protagonist or Action
Malcolm was hindered by his drinking problem .
A lack of money hampered our plans .
Many candidates' progress is severely impeded because they have to resit for the exam.
The new dam impeded the flow of water .
Malcolm was hindered by his drinking problem .
A lack of money hampered our plans .
Many candidates' progress is severely impeded because they have to resit for the exam.
The new dam impeded the flow of water .
Properties
- ID
- #480
- Entry
- frm_hindering
- Namespace
- Eventive.Agentive
- FrameNet version
- Hindering (fn_1.7_2023)
- Domains
- —
- Types
- —
- Ontological type
- —
- English name
- Hindering
Core Frame Elements (3)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Action |
The Action is what the Protagonist desires to do, which is made more difficult by the Hindrance. It can also be a natural act or collective endeavor, not linked to an overt Protagonist.
|
— | — |
| Hindrance |
The Hindrance is the force which makes the Action more difficult or less likely to be successfully completed. The Hindrance may be a lack of enabling force: The project was hampered by a lack of funds. or the Hindrance may be an obstacle in the natural progression of the Protagonist or Action. Burns was hindered by Smither's violent attack.
|
— | — |
| Protagonist |
The Protagonist is the entity that tends towards or plans some Action which the Hindrance causes to be more difficult.
|
category
sentient
|
— |
FE Core Set(s) and Excludes
CoreSet
Action
Protagonist
Peripheral Frame Elements (4)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manner |
The manner in which hindering occurs
|
category
manner
|
— |
| Means |
This FE describes the means by which hindering occurs
|
category
state_of_affairs
|
— |
| Place |
The Place is the location where he Hindrance affects the Protagonist or Action.
|
category
locative_relation
|
— |
| Time |
The Time is when the Hindrance affects the Protagonist or Action.
|
category
time
|
— |
Extra-thematic Frame Elements (6)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Circumstances |
Circumstances describe the state of the world (at a particular time and place) which is specifically independent of the event itself and any of its participants.
|
— | — |
| Concessive |
This FE signifies that the state of affairs expressed by the main clause (containing the target) occurs or holds, and something other than that state of affairs would be expected given the state of affairs in the concessive clause. In other words, given only the facts of the *Concessive, one would expect them to cause the world to be the opposite of what is protrayed in the main clause.
|
— | — |
| Degree |
The Degree is the extent to which the Hindrance affects the Protagonist or Action.
|
category
degree
|
— |
| Duration |
The length of time over which the hindering takes place.
The exporting of goods from the United States was impeded for several months|dur while negotiations continued. |
category
duration
|
— |
| Explanation |
This FE label is used for the cause of the Hindrance
|
category
state_of_affairs
|
— |
| Frequency |
This frame element is defined as the number of times an event occurs per some unit of time.
|
— | — |
Frame-Frame Relations (2)
Using
Lexical Units (29)
| LU | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| block.v | — | FN: Obstruct or impede. |
| constrain.v | — | COD: severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of. |
| curtail.v | — | FN: cause (an event or action) to progress more slowly. |
| delay.v | — | COD: become or cause to become late or slow. |
| encumber.v | — | COD: impede or burden. |
| encumbrance.n | — | COD: a burden or impediment. |
| hamper.v | — | COD: hinder or impede the movement or progress of. |
| handicap.v | — | COD: to place at a disadvantage |
| hardship.n | — | FN: a difficulty or challenge |
| hinder.v | — | COD: delay or impede. |
| hindrance.n | — | COD: a thing that hinders. |
| hold back.v | — | FN: to restrain or check |
| hurdle.n | — | COD: an obstacle or difficulty. |
| impede.v | — | COD: delay or block the progress or action of. |
| impediment.n | — | COD: a hindrance or obstruction. |
| inhibit.v | — | COD: hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process). |
| interfere.v | — | COD: prevent (a plan or action) from progressing, succeeding, or being fulfilled. |
| interference.n | — | COD: the action of interfering or process of being interfered with. |
| obstruct.v | — | COD: prevent or hinder. |
| obstruction.n | — | COD: the action of obstructing or the state of being obstructed. |
| obstruction.n | — | COD: a thing that obstructs. |
| obstructive.a | — | FN: creating a hinderance |
| repress.v | — | FN: to keep/put down or quell |
| repressive.a | — | FN: tending or serving to repress (keep down, quell) |
| restrain.v | — | FN: to hold back, limit, keep in check |
| restraint.n | — | FN: the state or fact of being restrained |
| retard.v | — | COD: delay or hold back in terms of development or progress. |
| slow.v | — | FN: to retard; reduce the advancement or progress of |
| trammel.v | — | COD: constrain or impede. |
None.
None.
No visual units
This frame has no visual-unit images.