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Perception_experience [experiencer_state]
This frame contains perception words whose Perceivers have perceptual experiences that they do not necessarily intend to. For this reason we call the Perceiver role Perceiver_passive. Comparing the Perception_experience frame to the Perception_active frame, we note that for some modalities there are different lexical items in each frame. For instance, whereas Perception_experience has see, Perception_active has look at. For other sense modalities, we find the same lexical items in both frames. To illustrate, consider the verb smell where I smell something rotten exemplifies its Perception_experience use and Smell this to see if it's fresh exemplifies its Perception_active sense. This frame also includes words which are not specific to any sense modality, including detect, perceive, perception, sense.
Abashed, realising that he had overheard her conversation with Victoria, Sheeley didn't try to make excuses.
She smelled the wine on Paul's breath, and bade him to sit down.
Abashed, realising that he had overheard her conversation with Victoria, Sheeley didn't try to make excuses.
She smelled the wine on Paul's breath, and bade him to sit down.
Properties
- ID
- #70
- Entry
- frm_perception_experience
- Namespace
- Experiential.Experiencer_state
- FrameNet version
- Perception_experience (fn_1.7_2023)
- Domains
- —
- Types
- —
- Ontological type
- —
- English name
- Perception_experience
Core Frame Elements (3)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body_part |
The Body_part is the location on the Perceiver_passive's body where the perceptual experience takes place. It is typically expressed in a PP.
Marlow felt something cold and hard against the back of his neck. This Frame Element occurs less frequently than others, because many target words imply that a particular part of the body is involved (e.g. smelling must be done with the nose). However, the verb feel does take this Frame Element, because touch is not localized on the body the same way other modalities are. Body_part may be expressed in other modalities when it adds specificity to what is implied by the target word in question. I heard a ringing in my right ear. |
category
body_part
|
— |
| Perceiver_passive |
This FE is the being who has a perceptual experience, not necessarily on purpose. It is typically expressed as an External Argument.
The waiter smelled something foul in the kitchen. |
category
sentient
|
— |
| Phenomenon |
This FE is the entity or phenomenon that the perceiver experiences with his or her senses. It is typically expressed as Object with verbs.
The waiter smelled something foul in the kitchen. I saw the baker prepare his special peanut butter pie. |
— | — |
FE Core Set(s) and Excludes
CoreSet
Body_part
Perceiver_passive
Peripheral Frame Elements (9)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Degree |
The Degree indicates the degree to which the Perception is experienced.
A nightmare creature, barely|Degr perceived in the swirling dense smoke, was beating at the flames coming from its own body. Older people perceive less well|Degr. |
category
degree
|
— |
| Direction |
This frame element is used for all path-like expressions, except those indicating the location of the perceiver (see above), that describe how the perceiver's attention is directed during the act of perception.
The detective could easily see into the house. The detective heard their conversation through the wall. |
— | — |
| Ground |
The Ground is the perceptual background against which the Phenomenon is experienced (or not experienced) by the Perceiver_passive. It can be distinguished from locative postnominal modifiers of the Phenomenon in negative contexts.
Pat didn't see Kim behind the bar. In this example, it is implied that Pat looked behind the bar and did not find Kim there. |
— | — |
| Manner |
Manner expressions may be of lexicographic interest if they describe properties of perception as such: clearly, loudly, etc.
Pat heard the shot clearly. |
category
manner
|
— |
| Means |
The action whereby the Perceiver perceives.
He saw it by looking out the window|Mns. |
category
state_of_affairs
|
— |
| Obscuring_medium |
The Obscuring_medium is the medium through which the Phenomenon makes itself perceivable to the Perceiver_passive. This is similar to the Direction, but occurs in the opposite direction and implies a movement of the Phenomenon.
My mother heard the scream through the attic window. |
— | — |
| Place |
The general location within which the act of perception takes place.
|
category
locative_relation
|
— |
| State |
State is the location, activity, or other characteristic of the Phenomenon.
I saw the baker baking his special peanut butter pie. I overheard the cat in the cupboard. I heard fear in his voice. |
— | — |
| Time |
The Time at which the Perceiver_passive or the Body_part perceives the Phenomenon.
|
— | — |
Extra-thematic Frame Elements (7)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Circumstances |
A situation which pertains during the event. This frame element is primarily used to highlight the event denoted by the target against a (potentially partially) causal or concessive background state-of-affairs.
|
— | — |
| Concessive |
This FE signifies that the state-of-affairs expressed by the main clause (containing the target) occurs or holds, and something other than that state-of-affairs would be expected given the state-of-affairs in the concessive clause.
|
— | — |
| Contrastive_context |
An element of the discourse that serves to contextualize the Phenomenon, with which it is directly related (i.e. filling a frame-element role of the Phenomenon or vice-versa). It contrasts with other contextually relevant elements that potentially (but do not actually) fill the same role.
Such a difference in note-taking accuracy can also be seen for second-year pupils . |
— | — |
| Depictive |
The State indicates predicate expressions that apply to the Phenomenon, providing some information about the state it is in while the Perceiver_passive experiences it.
The detective saw the suspect fleeing. Pat saw Kim naked. |
— | — |
| Duration |
Duration denotes the length of time from the beginning of a continuous situation (the one denoted by the target) to its end.
|
— | — |
| Frequency |
An expression of how often the event occurs.
|
— | — |
| Location_of_protagonist |
This FE identifies the Location_of_protagonist during the perceptual experience. It is typically expressed in a from-PP.
The witnesses saw the robbery from the their car. |
— | — |
Frame-Frame Relations (6)
Causative
Inheritance
See_also
Using
Lexical Units (13)
| LU | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| detect.v | — | COD: discern (something intangible or barely perceptible) |
| experience.n | — | COD: an event or occurrence which leaves an impression on one. |
| experience.v | — | FN: to undergo an experience or event |
| feel.v | — | COD: be aware of (something happening) through physical sensation |
| hear.v | — | COD: perceive (a sound) with the ear |
| overhear.v | — | COD: hear accidentally or secretly. |
| perceive.v | — | COD: become aware or conscious of |
| perception.n | — | FN: the process of becoming aware of something through the senses. |
| see.v | — | COD: perceive with the eyes |
| sense.v | — | COD: perceive by a sense or senses' be vaguely or indefinably aware of |
| smell.v | — | FN: perceive or detect the odour of something by the faculty of smell. |
| taste.v | — | COD: perceive or experience the flavour of. |
| witness.v | — | FN: to see an event occur, especially as a bystander. |
None.
None.
No visual units
This frame has no visual-unit images.