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Affirm_or_deny [agentive]
A Speaker uses language to affirm or deny the truth of a Message to some Addressee. Instead of (or in addition to) a Speaker, a Medium may also be mentioned. Likewise, a Topic may be stated instead of a Message.
She affirmed her loyalty to the cause.
He denied that he had ever believed in the existence of God.
BBC News|Med confirmed the story about the refugees|Top.
She affirmed her loyalty to the cause.
He denied that he had ever believed in the existence of God.
BBC News|Med confirmed the story about the refugees|Top.
Properties
- ID
- #2974
- Entry
- frm_affirm_or_deny
- Namespace
- Eventive.Agentive
- FrameNet version
- Affirm_or_deny (fn_1.7_2023)
- Domains
- —
- Types
- —
- Ontological type
- —
- English name
- Affirm_or_deny
Core Frame Elements (4)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medium |
The Medium is the physical entity or channel used by the Speaker to transmit the Message.
|
— | — |
| Message |
The Message identifies the content whose truth the Speaker is affirming or denying. It can be expressed as a clause or as a noun phrase.
They refute the criticisms that they are only interested in power and money|Msg. On Monday my boss confirmed that I was indeed promoted|Msg. |
category
message
|
— |
| Speaker |
The Speaker is the sentient entity affirming or denying the truth of the Message (this can be spoken or written). It is normally expressed as the External Argument of the predicative uses of the target word, or as the Genitive modifier of the noun.
No one believed Evelyn|Spkr's affirmation that she could speak to ghosts. Evelyn|Spkr conceded that the ghosts were actually just imaginary friends. |
category
sentient
|
— |
| Topic |
The Topic is the subject matter to which the Message pertains. It is rarely mentioned in constructions with verbal targets, and is much more common with nominal targets, where it is usually expressed as a PP Complement headed by "of" or about".
|
— | — |
FE Core Set(s) and Excludes
CoreSet
Medium
Speaker
CoreSet
Message
Topic
Peripheral Frame Elements (5)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internal_cause |
The emotional or physical state of the Speaker that leads to their affirmation or denial of the Message.
|
— | — |
| Manner |
Manner describes the way in which the Speaker affirms or denies a Message.
|
— | — |
| Means |
Means expresses the act whereby the Speaker affirms or denies a Message.
|
— | — |
| Place |
Place specifies the location where the Message is affirmed or denied.
|
category
locative_relation
|
— |
| Time |
The Time at which the Message is affirmed or denied.
|
category
time
|
— |
Extra-thematic Frame Elements (7)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Addressee |
The Addressee is the person to whom the truth of the Message is affirmed or denied.
|
category
sentient
|
— |
| Containing_event |
This FE identifies an event during which the Speaker affirms or denies the truth of the Message.
|
— | — |
| Degree |
Degree selects some gradable attribute and modifies the expected value for it.
|
— | — |
| Depictive |
The state of the Speaker while he/she affirms or denies the Message.
|
— | — |
| Event_description |
In general, Event_description is used for phrases that describe the clause of the target as a whole - here, the Message event.
|
— | — |
| Frequency |
Frequency is defined as the number of times an event occurs per some unit of time.
|
— | — |
| Iterations |
Iterations is used for expressions that indicate the number of times an event or state (of the kind denoted by the target in its clause) has taken place or held.
|
— | — |
Frame-Frame Relations (1)
Inheritance
Lexical Units (10)
| LU | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| affirm.v | — | FN: to state or assert positively; to maintain as true |
| affirmation.n | — | FN: the act or instance of affirming (declaring to be true) |
| attest.v | — | FN: to declare to be correct, true, or genuine |
| concede.v | — | FN: to finally admit or agree that something is true |
| confirm.v | — | FN: to establish the truth, accuracy, or validity of something |
| confirmation.n | — | FN: the act or instance of confirming |
| denial.n | — | FN: the act or instance of denying |
| deny.v | — | FN: to claim that something is false |
| reaffirm.v | — | FN: to affirm again; to state again as true/a fact |
| refute.v | — | FN: to prove (a statement, accusation, opinion) to be false or erroneous |
None.
None.
No visual units
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