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Negation [dependency]
This frame models the semantic contribution of negation, in which the profiled content of the Negated_proposition is asserted to contrast incompatibly with a corresponding Factual_situation, which is normally implicit. The Negated_proposition and the Factual_situation share non-focal content, on the basis of which they correspond, and contrast in a subset of their content, the focal content, established with reference to a set of focus constructions not described here. (The focus of negation is often conveyed intonationally in spoken English; in text, however, negative focus must be derived inferentially from contextual reference. A subset of focus constructions will be annotated in the constructicon.)
While the semantics of negation are quite different from the semantics belonging to most frames, at a minimum, our modeling of the concept using frame semantic tools can be viewed as a practical attempt to label a problem and annotate examples that may inform further research.
Negation can be evoked verbally (analytic or synthetic) or nominally. Negators include "not", "no", "never", and negational affixes, such as those used on inflected verbs in synthetic verbal negation (wasn't, isn't, haven't).
It 's not far from here . INI
She 's not smart , she 's sly .
While the semantics of negation are quite different from the semantics belonging to most frames, at a minimum, our modeling of the concept using frame semantic tools can be viewed as a practical attempt to label a problem and annotate examples that may inform further research.
Negation can be evoked verbally (analytic or synthetic) or nominally. Negators include "not", "no", "never", and negational affixes, such as those used on inflected verbs in synthetic verbal negation (wasn't, isn't, haven't).
It 's not far from here . INI
She 's not smart , she 's sly .
Properties
- ID
- #2860
- Entry
- frm_negation
- Namespace
- Relation.Dependency
- FrameNet version
- Negation (fn_1.7_2023)
- Domains
- —
- Types
- —
- Ontological type
- —
- English name
- Negation
Core Frame Elements (2)
| Frame element | Definition | Semantic type | Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factual_situation |
The situation or part of situation that actually pertains, in contradistinction to the profiled situation in the Negated_proposition that is asserted not to pertain. In spoken language and casual written language, but not in normatively edited written texts, the Factual_situation may be expressed as an unmarked clause immediately preceding or following the Negated_proposition.
She did n't know, rather she suspected . She had not one, but two books on transcendentalism . I did n't say anything , but rather paced all the more nervously . |
— | — |
| Negated_proposition |
The situation which is presented as false overall. The particular focus of negation which contrasts with the Factual_situation is not separately marked.
She didn't know, rather she suspected. She had not one, but two books on transcendentalism . I did n't say anything , but rather paced all the more nervously . |
— | — |
Frame-Frame Relations (2)
Inheritance
Using
Lexical Units (6)
| LU | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| far.a | — | FN: absolutely not; often used in contexts where not only is the negated proposition false, but there are salient implications that are also false, e.g. "Far from being an Olympic swimmer, he can't even dog paddle." From is just a marker of the Negated_proposition. |
| never.adv | — | FN: a negator that can precede or follow aux verbs, and that can precede regular verbs. |
| no longer.adv | — | FN: a negation phrase that precedes or follows an auxiliary or regular verb |
| no.det | — | FN: a negating article that precedes a noun phrase |
| not.adv | — | FN: a simple negator that most often follows auxiliary verbs |
| without.prep | — | FN: a prepositional negator |
None.
None.
No visual units
This frame has no visual-unit images.