Frame Report

This is the person who proposed the Proposed_action to the Speaker and to whom the Speaker communicates their response.

The Proposed_action is an action that the Speaker would perform if they were to accept or refuse the request or offer.

The Speaker is the person to whom a particular action has been proposed and who responds to the request or offer made.

Any description of the event (or state) which is not covered by more specific FEs, including secondary effects (quietly, loudly), and general descriptions comparing events (the same way). It may indicate salient characteristics of the Speaker that affect the action (presumptuously, coldly, deliberately, eagerly).

This FE identifies the Means by which the Speaker responds to the request or offer made.

As with Medium in other communication frames, the physical entity or channel used to communicate can be expressed.

The location in which the Speaker gives their verbal response to the proposed action.

An action that the Speaker intends to accomplish by agreeing or refusing to perform the Proposed_action that is requested of, or suggested to them.

Role denotes the status that the Interlocutor requested to be granted.


A serious injustice was committed by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC)
when it refused her as a political refugee.

The time interval during which the Speaker makes their verbal response concerning the proposed action.

This FE identifies the subevent of the agreeing/refusing to act.

Depictive phrase describing the Speaker.

This FE applies to appraisals of the event, typically a judgment of its expectedness, and consists of any descriptions of the state of affairs denoted by the target as role fillers in other frames. The state of affairs reported by the target is understood to play a role in the state of affairs of the modifier.

The Explanation denotes a proposition from which the main clause (headed by the target) logically follows. This often means that the Explanation causes the target's proposition, but not in all cases.

The number of times (within a given period) that the agreeing/refusing to act occurs.

The response may be prompted by either some outside phenomenon or occurrence, or by an Internal_cause, the Speaker mental or emotional state.

Expressions marked with this extra-thematic FE modify a non-iterative use of the target, and indicate that it is conceived as embedded within an iterated series of response events.